Driving Test Passing Rates UK Cities 2026: London 38%, Birmingham 47%, Manchester 45%, Glasgow 46%, Cardiff 53%

#Why city aggregates matter more than centre-by-centre

A single test centre can vary from the city average by 10 to 20 percentage points. Sidcup in south-east London passes at 59.0 percent against a London city average of 38 percent. Chingford in north-east London passes at 36.5 percent. A learner who treats either as representative of "London pass rate" gets the wrong picture. The city aggregate, weighted by centre test volume, is the figure that matches what the average city learner experiences.

The city view also smooths out cohort variation between centres. A high-volume centre with mixed learner cohorts tends to fall near the city average. A low-volume centre with niche cohorts (intensive course graduates, refugees, instructor concentrations) can sit well outside it. For planning purposes (whether to test in your city or travel out, whether your local cohort is "hard" or "average") the city number is the better baseline.

#The five cities, ranked and explained

#London at 38 percent: the route-density story

London is the lowest-performing UK city for pass rates by a clear margin. The 38 percent volume-weighted average is roughly 10.7 percentage points below the UK national average. Within the city, the spread runs from Sidcup at 59 percent (outer south-east, M25-fringe suburban routes) to Chingford at 36.5 percent (north-east, dense urban arterial routes). The 22.5 point internal spread is wider than the 15 point inter-city spread between London and Cardiff, which is the diagnostic clue: route density inside London matters more than the geographic label of the city.

Three structural drivers explain the London number. First, route environment: most London centres route learners through dense urban traffic with priority-shifting cycle infrastructure, box junctions, bus gates, and contraflow systems. Second, cohort exposure: London learners often have less private practice time because car ownership is lower and the practice opportunities are dense urban roads where they need lessons. Third, examiner variance: the high-volume centres mean more examiner rotation and slightly higher inter-examiner variance. The research/london-vs-uk-pass-rate page covers the statistical workup.

#Birmingham at 47 percent: the metro average

Birmingham sits closest to the UK national average among the five biggest cities. The 47 percent volume-weighted figure spans five metropolitan centres (Sutton Coldfield, Wyrley Birch, Garretts Green, Kings Heath, Shirley), each between 43 percent and 51 percent. The internal spread is narrower than London because Birmingham's centres serve more uniform suburban catchments. Routes feature A-road sections, residential streets, and the Aston Expressway corridor at some centres. The pass driving test in Birmingham guide covers the centre breakdown.

A learner planning Birmingham can expect a pass-rate experience close to the UK average regardless of which Birmingham centre they pick, which simplifies the booking decision. The cancellation hunting strategy that works in London (multi-centre saved search to catch outer-borough lifts) delivers smaller gains in Birmingham because the centres are more similar.

#Manchester at 45 percent: the Greater Manchester picture

Greater Manchester encompasses four metropolitan centres in the city-aggregate calculation (Cheetham Hill, Failsworth, West Didsbury, Sale). The 45 percent figure is 3.7 points below the UK average. The driver is similar to Birmingham but with sharper internal variation: Cheetham Hill and Failsworth sit at the lower end (around 40 to 42 percent), West Didsbury and Sale at the higher end (around 48 to 50 percent). A learner with mobility across Greater Manchester can lift their expected pass rate by 8 to 10 percentage points by choosing the right centre.

The Manchester routes feature tram-network exposure that other UK cities do not have. Tram crossings and parallel-tram road sections appear on most central Manchester routes and produce a specific fault cluster (positioning around tram tracks). Learners who train on tram-route awareness specifically tend to perform meaningfully better in Manchester centres than those who do not. The easiest test centre Manchester guide covers the centre-by-centre detail.

#Glasgow at 46 percent: the Scottish urban benchmark

Glasgow has three metropolitan centres (Anniesland, Mosspark, Shieldhall) producing a 46 percent volume-weighted average. This is consistent with the broader Scottish pattern of pass rates trending slightly above English city averages: Edinburgh sits around 51 percent, smaller Scottish centres (rural) often exceed 60 percent. The Scottish average across all centres is roughly 52 percent versus 48.7 percent UK-wide. Glasgow specifically falls below the Scottish average because of the inner-city route characteristics shared with English urban centres.

Why Scottish pass rates run higher overall: lower traffic density on most routes, fewer cycle-infrastructure complications, longer typical lesson hours among Scottish learners, and a higher proportion of learners with private practice access. The why pass rates higher Scotland guide covers the structural drivers.

#Cardiff at 53 percent: the best of the five

Cardiff has two metropolitan centres (Cardiff and Llantrisant on the city fringe), producing a 53 percent volume-weighted average. This is 4.3 points above the UK national average and roughly 15 points above London. The drivers are a mix: Cardiff's urban centre is geographically compact (most routes leave the dense centre quickly into suburban Whitchurch or Llanishen), the Welsh cohort tends to have higher private practice rates, and the centre volumes are modest compared with London or Birmingham (around 13,000 tests a year total across the city versus 165,000 in London).

The Cardiff number is also lifted by the Llantrisant centre, which sits on the M4 fringe and serves suburban catchments with routes that feel more like Welsh rural centres than urban Cardiff. A learner in Cardiff itself can typically reach Llantrisant inside 30 minutes for the test, which captures the pass-rate advantage. The easiest test centre Cardiff guide covers the cross-centre picture.

#The cities outside the top five

Beyond the big five, the city-level pattern continues. Leeds sits around 47 percent across its three metropolitan centres. Liverpool runs around 46 percent. Newcastle around 50 percent. Sheffield around 51 percent. Edinburgh around 51 percent. Bristol around 52 percent. Belfast around 56 percent. The Northern Irish system, run by DVA rather than DVSA, produces structurally higher rates because of the lower test volumes per centre and the more rural-suburban route character.

#The cross-city travel decision

A London learner facing 38 percent at their home centre can reach Llantrisant (53 percent) in roughly three hours by train and the test itself takes 40 minutes. The journey adds significant cost (£80 to £150 train, accommodation if early test) and is rarely worth it unless paired with practical reasons (visiting family, weekend travel). The travel-for-test calculation works at the city margin (a London learner travelling to a Surrey or Essex outer-London centre at 50+ percent) but rarely at full city-to-city scale.

The more useful travel calculation is intra-city. A north-east London learner travelling 35 minutes from Chingford (36.5 percent) to Enfield Innova (56.4 percent) captures a 20 percentage point lift on a manageable journey. A Manchester learner travelling from Cheetham Hill (41 percent) to Sale (50 percent) captures a 9 point lift. These are the lifts that actually pay back. The should I travel for easier test guide covers the calculation.

#The London exception, addressed honestly

A London learner reading this guide may feel the 38 percent figure is unfairly low. Two clarifications. First, the figure is structural: the city has the densest urban routes in the UK and the lowest private-practice rates. It is not "London learners are worse drivers", it is "London tests are harder by route environment". Second, the 22.5 point internal spread means a London learner with mobility can effectively choose between London-tier (Chingford 36.5 percent) and Welsh-tier (Sidcup 59 percent) without leaving the M25. The lift is available, it just requires the cross-borough travel calculation.

#The volume picture behind the city numbers

London accounts for roughly 165,000 of the UK's 1.5 million annual practical tests, or about 11 percent of national volume. Birmingham is around 45,000, Manchester 38,000, Glasgow 22,000, Cardiff 13,000. The high London volume means the city aggregate is statistically more stable (less year-on-year variation) but also means small percentage point shifts in London move the national average meaningfully. The research/london-vs-uk-pass-rate page covers the volume picture.

The 2026 wait time picture also varies by city. London centres average 18 to 24 weeks, Birmingham 16 to 22, Manchester 14 to 20, Glasgow 12 to 18, Cardiff 14 to 18. The within-city variation again exceeds the cross-city pattern: a London learner can find shorter waits inside London by choosing the right centre, often without crossing into Surrey or Essex.

#How this connects with the wider city and centre picture

For the detailed London-specific breakdown, see the research/london-vs-uk-pass-rate page and the driving test pass rate London boroughs guide. For the Birmingham centre detail, see the pass driving test in Birmingham guide. For Manchester, the easiest test centre Manchester guide. For Cardiff, the easiest test centre Cardiff guide. For Glasgow and wider Scottish patterns, the why pass rates higher Scotland guide. For the cross-city travel decision, the should I travel for easier test guide.

#Sources and further reading

The figures, fees, and procedures referenced in this article are verifiable on the official gov.uk pages below. PassRates.uk is built on the Driver and Vehicle Standards Agency’s open data, published under the Open Government Licence.

• Driving test (gov.uk)
• Driving test fees (gov.uk)
• Change or cancel your driving test (gov.uk)
• Find a driving test centre (gov.uk)
• Driving test and theory test data, cars (gov.uk)
• Open Government Licence v3.0 (nationalarchives.gov.uk)